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Sensory, short-term, long-term: there are different types of memory, which all work together. Sensory memory very briefly retains the information gathered by the senses, just long enough to store it in short-term memory. Short-term memory then only lasts a few seconds, but it allows you to process and retain information to store it in long-term memory for days, months, or even your entire life to retain significant events, the meaning of words, manual skills, etc. If you want play and memory development in children to go hand-in-hand, remember this: observation is important for memory development. You must limit the amount of information that a child must retain at once and make connections between the game he or she is playing with you and his or her past experiences (a visit to the farm, a party, or a book, for example, exercises his or her long-term memory and can enrich the activity you are doing).

Concentration is the ability to focus attention on a single subject. Whether with work, reading or play, the process is always the same, and it is essential for learning. However, the ability to concentrate varies greatly depending on age and neurological development. Play is a natural ally of concentration. Anyone who has observed a child playing can attest to this. Many things can stimulate concentration. First, it is important to provide the child with a favourable learning environment: limit noise, have adequate physical and material organization, and fit the task duration as well as the challenge level to the child's abilities. Encouraging the child to follow a path with their finger, closing their eyes so that they listen to sounds, and reminding them of some of the characteristics of the task are strategies that help develop concentration. Finally, asking the child what they did to complete a task allows them to apply their strategies in other contexts.

Logical thinking develops as children interact with their environment. Initially, they develop their reasoning through observations, comparisons and classifications of objects to then establish what distinguishes them or what unites them. Several activities require logical reasoning: solving a 3-D puzzle, doing a scientific experiment, building a model using instructions or playing chess. All of these activities require reflection and concentration and even call upon the ability to develop hypotheses and deductions in order to develop strategies. Exercising reasoning promotes the development of the ability to solve all problems.